Adaptive Decision Behavior of Autonomous Systems in Human Shared Operational Environments

Authors

  • Pratolo Rahardjo PSTE FT Universitas Udayana, Bali

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v5i10.1

Keywords:

Autonomous Systems, Adaptive Decisions, Trust, Multimodal Perception, Inference Of Human Intentions, Electrical Engineering.

Abstract

The integration of autonomous systems in the operational environment shared with humans in the field of electrical engineering poses challenges in adaptive decision-making and human-system interaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of multimodal perception and human intention inference on adaptive decisions with trust as a mediating variable. The method used was a quantitative approach through a survey of 180 respondents, with data analysis using PLS-SEM. The results showed that all variables had a significant effect on adaptive decisions, with trust as the most dominant factor, and played a role as a partial mediator. It is concluded that adaptive decisions are influenced not only by technical aspects, but also by user trust, so a human-centered approach is important in the development of autonomous systems

References

Afroogh, S., Akbari, A., Malone, E., Kargar, M., & Alambeigi, H. (2024). Trust in AI: Progress, challenges, and future directions. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04044-8

Bozorgi, H., & Ngo, T. D. (2023). Beyond shared autonomy: Joint perception and action for human-in-the-loop mobile robot navigation systems. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 109, 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-023-01942-y

Buysse, L., Habli, I., Vanoost, D., & Pissoort, D. (2025). Safe autonomous systems in a changing world: Operationalising dynamic safety cases. Safety Science, 191, 106965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106965

Freire, I. T., Guerrero-Rosado, O., Amil, A. F., & Verschure, P. F. M. J. (2024). Socially adaptive cognitive architecture for human-robot collaboration in industrial settings. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1248646

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/a-primer-on-partial-least-squares-structural-equation-modeling-pls-sem/book244583

Hopko, S., Wang, J., & Mehta, R. K. (2022). Human factors considerations and metrics in shared space human–robot collaboration: A systematic review. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 9, 799522. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.799522

Huang, H., Liu, J., Shi, G., Zhao, S., Li, B., & Wang, J. (2024). Adaptive decision-making for autonomous vehicles: A learning-enhanced game-theoretic approach in interactive environments. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.11467

Inamdar, R., Sundarr, S. K., Khandelwal, D., Sahu, V. D., & Katal, N. (2024). A comprehensive review on safe reinforcement learning for autonomous vehicle control in dynamic environments. Results in Engineering, 24, 100810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.100810

Lima Junior, W. T., Welter, R. A., Ferreira, W. P., Souza, R. F., & Eduardo, T. (2025). Human–robot interaction: An artificial cognitive autonomy approach to enhance decision-making. Cognitive Systems Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101336

Lombardi, S., & Di Salvo, C. (2023). Adjustable social autonomy in human–robot interaction. Electronics, 13(1), 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13010127

Mi, J., Zhang, X., Long, Z., Wang, J., Xu, W., Xu, Y., & Deng, S. (2025). A mobile robot safe planner for multiple tasks in human-shared environments. PLOS ONE, 20(6), e0324534. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324534

Tong, T., Setchi, R., & Hicks, Y. (2024). Human intention recognition using context relationships in complex scenes. Expert Systems with Applications, 261, 126147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.126147

Xie, J., Qin, Y., Zhang, Y., et al. (2025). Towards human-like automated vehicles: Review and perspectives on behavioural decision making and intelligent motion planning. Transportation Safety and Environment, 7(1), tdae005. https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdae005

Yu, X., Wang, Y., Tran, T. T. M., et al. (2024). Robots in the wild: Contextually adaptive human–robot interactions in urban public environments. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04728

Zhao, W., Gangaraju, K., & Yuan, F. (2025). Multimodal perception-driven decision-making for human–robot interaction: A survey. Frontiers in Robotics and AI. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1604472

Zhou, J., Qin, Y., Zhang, Y., et al. (2024). Enhancing intention prediction and interpretability in service robots with LLM and knowledge graphs. Scientific Reports, 14, 27916. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77916-3

Zhumabek, A., Li, L., & Ospanov, D. (2025). Partially observable Markov decision processes in shared autonomy applications: A survey. Discover Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00000-0 (catatan: DOI perlu diverifikasi jika tersedia resmi)

Published

2026-10-31

How to Cite

Rahardjo, P. . (2026). Adaptive Decision Behavior of Autonomous Systems in Human Shared Operational Environments. Formosa Journal of Science and Technology, 5(10), 2649–2664. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v5i10.1