Effects of Hydraulic Pressure and Number of Nozzles on the Power Output and Efficiency of a Laboratory-Scale Pelton Turbine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v5i10.16Keywords:
Pelton Turbine, Micro-Hydropower, Water Pressure, Number of Nozzles, Turbine Efficiency.Abstract
This study investigates the effects of water pressure and the number of nozzles on the rotational speed, input power, output power, and efficiency of a laboratory-scale Pelton turbine for micro-hydropower applications. Experimental tests were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions by varying the water pressure (2, 2.5, and 3 kg/cm²), the number of nozzles (one and two), and the applied load (5–25 W). Turbine rotational speed, input power, and output power were measured to evaluate performance, while efficiency was calculated as the ratio of output power to input power, expressed as a percentage. The results showed that turbine efficiency was influenced by the combined effects of water pressure, nozzle configuration, rotational speed, and applied load. The highest efficiency of 8.2% was obtained using one nozzle at a water pressure of 3 kg/cm² and a load of 25 W, with a rotational speed of 290 rpm, an input power of 112.52 W, and an output power of 9.21 W. The findings also indicated that increased input power did not necessarily result in higher efficiency, as efficiency depended on the proportion of input power converted into useful output power. These results demonstrate the importance of optimizing operating parameters to improve the performance of laboratory-scale Pelton turbines for micro-hydropower applications
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