The Effect of Immersion in Various Berry Fruit Extracts on the Surface Roughness of Heat-Cured Acrylic Resin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v5i10.5Keywords:
Heat-Cured Acrylic Resin, Surface Roughness, Berry Fruit Extract.Abstract
Background: Heat-cured acrylic resin is the most widely used denture base material, but it is prone to increased surface roughness caused by interaction with the oral environment and acidic substances. Berry fruits such as strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), and raspberry (Rubus idaeus) contain organic acids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and vitamin C that may affect the surface structure of acrylic resin. Objective: To determine the effect of immersion in various berry fruit extracts on the surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resin. Methods: This laboratory experimental study used a pre-test and post-test design with 36 heat-cured acrylic resin specimens (10x10x2 mm) divided into three immersion groups (strawberry, blackberry, and raspberry extract) for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Surface roughness was measured with a surface roughness tester before and after immersion and analyzed using the Paired T-Test. Results: Surface roughness increased in all treatment groups as immersion duration increased. The Paired T-Test showed a significant effect in the blackberry and raspberry groups on day 5 (p<0.05), while the strawberry group showed no significant difference across all durations. Conclusion: Immersion in strawberry, blackberry, and raspberry extracts consistently increased the surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resin, presumably due to organic acids and bioactive compounds contributing to degradation of the polymer matrix
References
Adam RZ, Dhansay FK. Prevalence of denture-related stomatitis in edentulous patients at a tertiary dental teaching hospital. Front Oral Health. 2021;2. doi:10.3389/froh.2021.772679.
Amiruddin M, Pertiwisari A, Chotimah C, Putra A, Rusyd I. Effect of immersion in Ajwa date seed extract (Phoenix dactylifera L.) effervescent tablets on the surface roughness of heat-polymerized acrylic resin plates. e-GiGi. 2025;13(2):359-63. doi:10.35790/eg. v13i2.59.
Basic science for dental materials: Biomaterials, biocompatibility and biomechanics; a historical perspective. 2002.
Bintang T, Sangyoga PP, Akbar M. Classification of berry fruits using the residual network (ResNet-50) method. 2025. doi:10.55382/jurnalpustakadata. v5i2.1108.
Bitencourt SB, Catanoze IA, da Silva EVF, et al. Effect of acidic beverages on surface roughness and color stability of artificial teeth and acrylic resin. J Adv Prosthodont. 2020;12(2):55-60. doi:10.4047/jap.2020.12.2.55.
Destyarinta AR, Rais SW, Mozartha M. The effect of vitamin C 1000 mg beverages on surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resin. Sriwijaya J Dent. 2020;1(2):69-75. doi:10.32539/sjd. v1i2.255.
Ferracane JL. Hygroscopic and hydrolytic effects in dental polymer networks. Dent Mater. 2006;22(3):211-22. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.05.00.
Gad MM, Alramadan H, Alkoudemi M, et al. Effect of daily immersion of different beverages on the surface roughness and color stability of 3D-printed denture base resins. J Prosthodont. 2024. doi:10.1111/jopr.13993.
Gandana MV, Lestari F, Laksono BT. The immunostimulant effect of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) fruit ethanol extract through carbon clearance index and organ index. J Ilm Farm Farmasyifa. 2025;8(1):20-9. doi:10.29313/jiff. v8i1.4820.
Gunarti NS, Fikayuniar L. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of sunscreen gel containing blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) fruit extract using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Kartika J Ilm Farm. 2020;7(2):66-72. doi:10.26874/kjif.v7i2.227.
Harahap KI, Syafiar L, Tarigan SK. Changes in surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resin after immersion in yogurt. Talenta Conf Ser Trop Med. 2018;1(1):171-5. doi:10.32734/tm.v1i1.49.
Ibrahim I, Febriani M, Alawiyah T, Nurhasanah F. Effect of immersion in cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) extract on the surface color of heat-cured acrylic resin: An experimental study. 2025.
Karina AR, Trisnowati S, Indradewa D. Effect of different chitosan concentrations on the shelf life of strawberry fruits. 2011.
Mawei GTH, Wowor VNS, Mintjelungan CN. Association between complete denture hygiene and the incidence of denture stomatitis. e-GiGi. 2022;11(1):20-25. doi:10.35790/eg. v11i1.44383.
Oxy AS. Effect of immersion in turmeric-tamarind herbal drink on the surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resin. 2023.
Philip N, Bandara HMHN, Leishman SJ, Walsh LJ. Inhibitory effects of fruit berry extracts on Streptococcus mutansbiofilms. Eur J Oral Sci. 2019;127(2):122-9. doi:10.1111/eos.12602.
Priyambodo RA, Tiffany A. Effectiveness of strawberry against Streptococcus mutans, a causative bacterium of dental caries in the oral cavity. Media Kesehatan Gigi. 2018;7(2).
Putri IM, Rukmansyah A, Endah RN, et al. Literature review: Nutritional content and antioxidant activity of compounds in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). 2024;1.
Robbins J, Sjulin TM. Fruit morphology of red raspberry and its relationship to fruit strength. 1989.
Sitorus V. Effect of immersion of heat-polymerized acrylic resin denture bases in lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) leaf extract and chlorhexidine on surface roughness. Jurnal Sehat Indonesia. 2024;6(2).
Skrovankova S, Sumczynski D, Mlcek J, Jurikova T, Sochor J. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in different types of berries. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(10):24673-706. doi:10.3390/ijms161024673.
Sofya PA, Rahmayani L, Purnama RRC. Effect of soft drink towards heat-cured acrylic resin denture base surface roughness. Padjadjaran J Dent. 2017;29(1). doi: 10.24198/pjd.vol29no1.12614.
Susianti A, Aristya GR, Kasiamdari RS. Morphological and anatomical characterization of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Festival) induced by colchicine. 2015;3.
Verma R, Gangrade T, Punasiya R, Ghulaxe C. Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) use as an herbal medicine. Pharmacogn Rev. 2014;8(16):101-4. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.134239.
Wicaksana Nugraha P, Arifin R, Wardhana AS. Effect of 30% Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) paste on the surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resin. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi. 2022;6.
Wijayanti EP, Alfitroh I, Hardini T, Mrdianah A. Flavonoid screening of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit juice using the color test method. 2025;8(2).
